By Kim Paggioli
New Hampshire’s largest electric utility replaces 1920s-era pipeline to Jackman Hydro Station
Meandering through New Hampshire’s White Mountains, a large wooden penstock – a conduit for conveying water to a power plant – served as the main water supply for a local hydroelectric generating facility called Jackman Station. It’s fed by the Franklin Pierce Reservoir, which was created by the hydro’s dam and surrounding earthen dikes. The water elevation in the reservoir is managed according to spring runoff.
Public Service of New Hampshire (PSNH), the Granite State’s largest electric utility, serves more than 475,000 homes and businesses. PSNH’s power generation facilities consist of nine hydroelectric plants, including the Jackman Hydro station built in 1926. This facility, in Hillsborough, NH, has been serving the area for years – but the penstock was approaching the end of its service life.
Prior to the recent improvements, 5,000 feet of wood stave penstock extended from the reservoir to a surge tank upstream of the powerhouse. This 7.5-foot diameter penstock was made up of vintage wood stave sections from the 1920s. Repairs were undertaken in 1954 and in the 1970s, yet the downstream sections of the wood penstock still leaked badly. This leakage caused icing problems during winter months and required constant maintenance. In 2003, the penstock had a significant rupture that impacted abutting properties. To prevent future failures and ensure reliable operations of the hydro facility, repairs to the existing penstock were needed. In a series of contracts, PSNH decided to replace the remaining wood stave penstock with a new pipeline.
Kleinschmidt, based in Pittsfield, ME, specializes in energy and water resource projects. It was retained to develop a feasibility study and engineer a replacement pipeline. The company initially evaluated five pipe material options for the penstock replacement: wood stave, concrete, HDPE plastic, steel and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). Factors that led to the final determination included structural reliability, corrosion resistance, hydraulic capacity, ease of installation (pipe weight) and performance history of the pipe material. Kleinschmidt provided its evaluation and recommendations to PSNH, which chose the fiberglass pipe option and purchased CCFRPM pipe manufactured by HOBAS Pipe USA Inc., of Houston, TX.
“The corrosion resistance and relative stiffness of FRP pipe meant it could be supported on the existing grade and half buried, rather than placed on saddles or completely covered in a buried trench. This design flexibility, combined with a longer projected service life, lead to a competitive total construction cost for the FRP alternative,” said Keith Martin, a Kleinschmidt project and civil/structural engineer.
The lightweight fiberglass pipe sections were carried to the point of installation and assembled using the single excavator visible in the background. Some of the high strength pipe was installed on cradles to minimize environmental impact.
“The lower frictional resistance of HOBAS compared to other materials allowed the replacement pipe to be reduced to a 7-foot diameter without additional head loss,” explained Martin.
The high axial strength, centrifugally cast pipe was half buried in the shallow trench of the existing penstock, requiring minimal excavation costs and low environmental disturbance. About 300 feet of the new penstock were supported aboveground on steel saddles to accommodate the topography as well as minimizing the impact to the wetlands that the penstock crossed.
The high strength and corrosion resistant HOBAS pipe has many advantages in penstocks.
“PSNH bought the HOBAS pipe directly and CCB Inc., of Westbrook, Maine, was contracted to install it,” said Newell Porter, project manager with CCB. “Prior to this project, I had heard of HOBAS pipe but had never installed it.”
The jobsite posed some challenges as the pipe was installed in a remote area. “The pipe arrived as scheduled and was unloaded near the roadside. This phase of the job was 1,020 feet of 84-inch diameter pipe. The individual joints were then carried to the point of installation with an excavator. We had no truck access to the installation point. A HOBAS field rep was onsite pretty much from day one. The first part of the installation was through a curve where 10-foot joint sections were connected and then deflected to make up the curve,” said Porter.
The HOBAS FWC coupling joint on this project is a pressure joint commonly used in direct bury application and for aboveground installations such as penstocks. It’s a structural filament-wound sleeve overwrapped and mechanically locked to an internal full-faced elastomeric membrane. The sealing design includes both lip and compression elements so the joint is suitable for both non-pressure and pressure service up to 250 psi. “In our case, we air tested each joint after assembly with a 10 psi air test. None of the joints leaked. Once the line was in operation, we were required to visually inspect each and every joint for a sign of leakage and there was none,” said Porter.
JML Trucking and Excavating of Errol, NH, was the installation sub-contractor for CCB. Butch Lane echoed the general contractor’s sentiments, “It really is a good pipe. The joints are really tight. I know that we’ve had people come by and look at the project, and they’re all happy. We were able to put PSNH online two weeks ahead of schedule and that makes them happy.”
“At the end of the project, it was found to be approximately seven times cheaper per foot to utilize the fiberglass pipe option partially backfilling the penstock than to support it aboveground,” summarized Martin. Hydraulic advantages and longevity of the line will also provide life long savings.
About the Author: Kim Paggioli is vice president of marketing and quality assurance at HOBAS Pipe USA Inc., which manufactures pipe in sizes from 18-110 inches in pressure and non-pressure classes. Its pipes have been used in aboveground U.S. applications since 1989 and worldwide for penstock applications for over 20 years. Contact: 800-856-7473 or www.hobaspipe.com
